Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Male Infertility
What causes male infertility?
Male infertility accounts for approximately 40–50% of all infertility cases. Common causes include low sperm count (oligospermia), poor sperm motility, abnormal sperm shape (morphology), complete absence of sperm (azoospermia), varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), hormonal imbalances, genetic conditions, previous infections, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol, heat exposure, and obesity.
What is azoospermia and can it be treated?
Azoospermia means there are no sperm present in the ejaculate. There are two types: obstructive azoospermia (a blockage prevents sperm from reaching the ejaculate — often correctable) and non-obstructive azoospermia (the testicles produce little or no sperm). Both types can often be treated. Surgical sperm retrieval techniques such as Micro-TESE, TESA, or PESA can retrieve sperm directly from the testicle for use in ICSI, even in men with non-obstructive azoospermia.
What is Micro-TESE and how is it different from TESA?
Micro-TESE (Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction) is a surgical procedure using an operating microscope to identify and retrieve sperm-producing tissue from the testicle. It is the most effective method for men with non-obstructive azoospermia. TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) is a simpler needle-based procedure used primarily in obstructive azoospermia. The appropriate procedure depends on your diagnosis and is determined after full evaluation.
Can a man with very low sperm count still father a child?
Yes. Even with very low sperm count, ICSI requires only a single viable sperm per egg. If even a small number of motile sperm are present — either in the ejaculate or retrieved surgically — successful fertilization and pregnancy is possible. Your specialist will evaluate your semen analysis and recommend the most appropriate treatment pathway.
Does varicocele cause infertility and should it be treated before IVF?
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum that can raise testicular temperature and impair sperm production. It is present in approximately 40% of men evaluated for infertility. In some cases, surgical treatment of varicocele (varicocelectomy) improves sperm parameters sufficiently to achieve natural conception or improve IVF outcomes. Your specialist will advise whether treatment before IVF is recommended in your specific case.
Book an Appointment
We're Here for You
Your journey is unique, and we’re committed to providing personalized care every step of the way. For more information or to schedule a consultation
